1, Imiterere y'uburyo bw'amashanyarazi

Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi (1)

Hakurikijwe ibisabwa bya tekiniki n'ubukungu byagaragajwe

Sisitemu ihuriweho yitwa sisitemu y'amashanyarazi. Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi irimo kandi relays kugira ngo ikore neza kandi mu mutekano

Ibikoresho byo kurinda no kurinda umutekano, ikoranabuhanga ryo kohereza, itumanaho n'izindi sisitemu zifasha (zitwa kandi sisitemu z'inyongera). Amahame y'ibanze ya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi

Inshingano ni uguha abakoresha ingufu zihagije, zizewe, zihagije kandi zihendutse.

（2） Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi

Igice cy'amashanyarazi gitanga, gihindura kandi gikwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi cyitwa grid y'amashanyarazi. Urusobe rw'amashanyarazi rurimo urusobe rw'amashanyarazi n'ikwirakwizwa ry'amashanyarazi

Urubuga.

Inshingano nyamukuru y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ni ukongera ingufu z'amashanyarazi zituruka ku ruganda rw'amashanyarazi ruri kure y'aho amashanyarazi anyura binyuze muri transformateur hanyuma zigahita

Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ufite ingufu nyinshi woherezwa kuri sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi iri hafi y'aho umutwaro ushyirwa. Muri icyo gihe, umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi unahuza sisitemu z'amashanyarazi zegeranye na

Ni akazi ka sitasiyo z'amashanyarazi zegeranye.

Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ni umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ukwirakwiza mu buryo butaziguye umuriro uva kuri sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ujya ku bakoresha. Muri rusange, umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ugabanyijemo ibice byinshi

Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, voltage iciriritse n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi make. Mu Bushinwa, voltage y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi menshi muri rusange ni nk'iy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi aciriritse

Umuvuduko w'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi make muri rusange ni sisitemu y'insinga z'icyiciro cya kane z'ibice bitatu

2, Ibiranga imikorere ya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi

Ubwa mbere, ubukungu rusange ni bwinshi. Kuri ubu, ingano y'umutungo w'inganda z'amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa irenga miliyari 200, ikaba ingana na kimwe cya kane cy'umutungo wose wa leta. Umusaruro w'amashanyarazi ugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku iterambere ryiza ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu.

Icya kabiri ni uguhuza ingufu z'amashanyarazi icyarimwe, niba ingufu z'amashanyarazi zishobora kubikwa ku bwinshi, ubumwe bwa buri sano ntibugabanywamo ibice, kandi inzira yo kuzihinduramo ikaba yihuta cyane. Ingufu zitangwa mu kanya gato zigomba kungana n'ingufu zikoreshwa mu kanya gato, bityo buri sano yo gutanga amashanyarazi, kohereza no kuyakwirakwiza ku bakoresha ni ingenzi cyane.

Icya gatatu, umusaruro w'amashanyarazi ushyirwa hamwe cyane kandi uhujwe. Uko inganda z'amashanyarazi n'ibigo bitanga amashanyarazi byaba bingana kose, urubuga rw'amashanyarazi rugomba guhuzwa mu kohereza, amahame y'imicungire n'uburyo bwo gucunga; Hari ibisabwa bikomeye kugira ngo umusaruro utekanye, ikinyabupfura cy'ikigo n'amahame mbwirizamuco by'umwuga.

Icya kane, uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu. Intego z'inganda zitanga serivisi zirambuye, zireba abantu bose muri sosiyete yose. Ubwiza bw'amashanyarazi n'urwego rw'ibiciro bifitanye isano rya hafi n'inyungu za benshi mu bakoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi.

Icya gatanu, ubukungu bw'igihugu bugomba gufata iya mbere mu guteza imbere ingufu z'amashanyarazi.

3, Ingano y'amashanyarazi ya sisitemu

Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ushyirwa mu byiciro. Igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi gishyirwaho kandi kigatangazwa na leta nyuma y'isesengura ryimbitse n'igaragazwa hakurikijwe ibyo iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu rikeneye, ishingiro ry'ikoranabuhanga n'ubukungu, urwego rw'inganda z'amashanyarazi n'ibindi bintu.

Kugeza ubu, urwego rw'amashanyarazi ya AC ruri hejuru cyane mu Bushinwa ni 1000KV, rwatangiye gukoreshwa kuva Changzhi kugera Jingmen ku ya 30 Ukuboza 2008; Urwego rw'amashanyarazi ya DC ruri hejuru cyane mu Bushinwa ni 500KV, harimo Gezhouba – Shanghai Nanqiao Line, Tianshengqiao – Guangzhou Line, Guizhou – Guangdong Line, na Three Gorges – Guangdong Line.

Muri iki gihe, voltage zikoreshwa cyane mu Bushinwa zirimo 220V, 380V, 6kV, 10kV, 35kV, 110kV, 220kV, 330kV, 500kV na 1000KV. Muri zo, imirongo ya voltage ya 10KV n'iy'ubushyuhe yitwa imirongo yo gukwirakwiza ingufu, naho imirongo ya voltage ya 35KV n'iy'ubushyuhe yitwa imirongo yo gukwirakwiza ingufu. Binavuga ko voltage iri hejuru ya 1KV ari "voltage iri hejuru", voltage iri munsi ya 1KV ari "voltage iri hasi", naho voltage y'umutekano ikaba 36V no munsi yayo.

Umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi ugenwe n’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi uhuye n’uw’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi. Mu by’ukuri, bitewe n’igabanuka ry’amashanyarazi mu muyoboro w’amashanyarazi, umuvuduko nyawo kuri buri gice uhinduka ugereranije n’agaciro kagenwe. Kugira ngo ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bikore neza, biragaragara ko ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bigomba kugira umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi usanzwe urenze umuvuduko wemewe w’amashanyarazi. Umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi ugenwe muri rusange uba uri hejuru ya 5% ugereranije n’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi ugenwe n’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi ku rwego rumwe kugira ngo byishyure igihombo cy’amashanyarazi ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi.

Voltage igenwe ya transformer igabanyijemo imizunguruko y'ibanze n'iya kabiri. Ku muzunguruko w'ibanze, iyo transformer ihujwe n'umusozo w'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi, mu buryo busanzwe ingana n'umutwaro uri ku muzunguruko w'amashanyarazi (nk'umuzunguruko w'uruganda), bityo voltage yayo igenwe ni imwe n'iya grid. Iyo transformer ihujwe n'isoko ry'amashanyarazi (nk'umuzunguruko w'amashanyarazi), voltage yayo igenwe igomba kuba imwe n'iya generator. Ku muzunguruko w'ibanze, voltage igenwe y'umuzunguruko w'amashanyarazi igomba kuba hejuru ya 5% ugereranyije na voltage igenwe y'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi bitewe n'igihombo cyayo (kibarwa na 5%) iyo transformer ishyizwemo. Iyo intera yo kohereza ku ruhande rw'ibanze ari ndende, igihombo cy'umuzunguruko w'amashanyarazi (kibarwa na 5%) nacyo kigomba kwitabwaho. Muri iki gihe, voltage igenwe y'umuzunguruko w'amashanyarazi igomba kuba hejuru ya 10% ugereranyije na voltage igenwe y'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi.