Amavuta ya transformer Mu gihe amazi ameze, transformateur mu gutwara, kubika, gukoresha ishobora kwinjiramo n'amazi yo hanze cyangwa amavuta ubwayo, amazi akorwa azaba ari muri ibi bikurikira: kimwe ni amazi yigenga. Icya kabiri ni uko uduce duto cyane dushonga mu mazi. Molekile y'ibice bikingira ni glucose (C6H12O6). Iyo amazi yinjiye muri molekile y'ibice, agabanya gukurura kwayo, agatuma hydrolysis yayo iba ibintu bifite molekile nke, kandi akagabanya imbaraga za mekanike n'urwego rwa polymerization ya fibre.

Muri iki gihe, transformateur y'amashanyarazir si kimwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi kandi bihenze mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi gusa, ahubwo ni kimwe mu bikoresho biteza impanuka nyinshi mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi. Mbere yuko transformateur igwa gitumo, kwangirika k'ubushyuhe n'ikosa rihishe bizatanga ingaruka n'amakuru menshi nk'urumuri, amashanyarazi, amajwi, ubushyuhe n'impinduka za shimi bitewe n'imikorere y'amashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, si ukwita ku buryo bwo kwirinda gusa hashingiwe ku bizamini byo kwirinda bigomba gukorwa buri gihe mu gihugu no mu mahanga, ahubwo hari n'ingamba zo kwita ku buryo bwo kwirinda bushingiye ku igenzura rya interineti zirimo kwigwa kugira ngo hakurikiranwe kandi hamenyekane amakosa cyangwa inenge bishobora kubaho kuri interineti mu gihe nyacyo cyangwa buri gihe. Ubushuhe buri mu mavuta ya transformateur ni nacyo gipimo cyo kumenya ubwiza bw'ubushyuhe bwa transformateur. Ibikoresho byo gusuzuma by'ubwenge bya transformateur bishobora gukusanya, gusesengura ingano y'amazi mu mavuta no kumenya icyateye kwangirika, gutanga ibisubizo, abakoresha bagakemura ku gihe ibyago byihishe biri muri transformateur, kugira ngo birinde impanuka.

1. Imiterere n'ingaruka z'ubushuhe mu mavuta ya transfoma

Transformateur mu gihe cyo gutwara, kubika no gukoresha ishobora kwinjira n'isi yo hanze cyangwa ogisijeni ya peteroli ubwayo kugira ngo ikore amazi, amazi akomoka azaba ahari muri izi nzego zikurikira:

Imwe muri zo ni amazi y'ubuntu. Ku mazi yinjira hanze, nko ku buryo bigoye kuyavanga n'amazi. Ntibigira ingaruka ku ngufu z'amavuta, ariko kandi ntibishobora gutuma amazi acika, bigaragaza ko hashobora kuba hari amazi yashongeshejwe mu mavuta, kuvurwa ako kanya.

Icya kabiri ni uko uduce duto cyane dushonga mu mazi. Akenshi tuva mu mwuka tujya mu mavuta, bigabanyiriza cyane imbaraga z'amavuta. Igihombo kiri hagati kiriyongera, amavuta ya filter akoreshwa mu byuma bisukura.

Icya gatatu, amazi ya emulsified. Gutunganya amavuta ni bibi, cyangwa imikorere y'igihe kirekire ituma amavuta asaza, cyangwa amavuta yanduye kubera emulsification, bizagabanya imikoranire hagati y'amavuta n'amazi, nk'amavuta n'amazi bivanze, bizatuma habaho emulsification. Ongeraho demulsifier.

Ingaruka zabyo: imwe ni ukugabanya ingufu z’amashanyarazi zikoreshwa mu gusohora peteroli. 100 ~ 200mg/kg ingufu z’amashanyarazi zigabanuka zikagera kuri 1.0kV, imyanda ya fibre iri muri peteroli inyunyuza amazi byoroshye, bitewe n’imbaraga z’amashanyarazi, hakavuka “ikiraro” gihuza amashanyarazi, bityo bikaba byoroshye kuyasesa.

Icya kabiri ni ukongera igihombo cy’umwuka. Amazi ya emulsified afite ingaruka nziza cyane kandi ntabwo ari amwe. Molekyuli ya fibre irinda ubushyuhe ni molekyuli ya glucose (C6H12O6). Iyo amazi yinjiye muri molekyuli ya fibre, agabanya gukurura kwayo, agatuma hydrolysis yayo iba ibintu bike, kandi akagabanya imbaraga za mekanike n'urwego rwa polymerization ya fibre. Igerageza ryerekana ko 120°C, fibre irinda ubushyuhe yiyongera inshuro 1, imbaraga za mekanike za fibre zigabanukaho 1/2, iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse, amazi ari mu mavuta ariyongera, amazi ari mu mavuta aragabanuka, ubushyuhe buragabanuka, ibinyuranye n'ibyo. Kubwibyo, ubushyuhe buri mu mavuta bugomba gukurikiranwa, bityo ubusaza bwa fibre irinda ubushyuhe bugomba gukurikiranwa. Icya kane ni uko amazi ateza imbere ubushobozi bwa aside organic bwo kwangirika kandi akihutisha kwangirika kw'ibice by'icyuma. Muri make, uko amazi menshi mu mavuta, ni ko gusaza kw'amavuta ubwayo kwihuta, gusaza kw'ibikoresho no kwangirika kw'ibice by'icyuma, bityo ni ngombwa kugenzura ingano y'amazi mu mavuta, cyane cyane ingano y'amazi yashongeshejwe.

2. Uburyo bwo gupima ubushuhe buri mu mavuta yo gukingira transformer

Isuzuma ry'ubushuhe muri ibikoresho byo gukingira ni ikintu cy'ingenzi kugira ngo transformer ikomeze kuba inyangamugayo kandi ikore neza. Ubushuhe mu mavuta akingira ubushyuhe buhora buhinduka, ibyo bikaba byagira ingaruka mbi ku bwiza. Byongeye kandi, ubushuhe bwinshi bukwirakwizwa mu mpapuro zikingira ubushyuhe. Ubushuhe bugira ingaruka ku mbaraga za dielectric zikoreshwa mu gushonga kw'ibikoresho bikomeye n'ibikomoka ku mazi, kandi bugira ingaruka ku muvuduko wo gusaza kw'ibikoresho bikingira selulose ndetse n'uburyo ibintu bitera ubushuhe bigenda bivuka mu gihe cy'uburemere bwinshi.

Ubushyuhe buri hagati y’ikirere, umutwaro, gusaza, gusohoka kw’amazi, n’ibindi bintu bishobora gutera impinduka zihoraho mu bushyuhe. Kubwibyo, gukurikirana no gusuzuma buri gihe birakenewe hamwe n’impinduka z’ubushyuhe bwa transformer. Ibi ni ngombwa cyane cyane ku bahindura imizigo baremereye cyane cyangwa barenga umuvuduko. Ubushyuhe bwose muri sisitemu yo gukingira transformer bugenwa n’ubushuhe bwa cellulose n’amazi. Isano y’ubushuhe hagati y’impapuro zikingira n’amavuta akingira imyuka ishingira gusa ku bushyuhe. Uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, gushonga kw’amazi mu mavuta akingira imyuka (ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi bw’umuti) biriyongera, kandi amazi azava ku mpapuro zikingira imyuka ajyanwa ku mavuta akingira imyuka.

Iyo ubushyuhe bugabanutse, inzira ihinduka, ariko amazi ava mu cyuma gikonjesha ajya mu cyuma gikomeye gikonjesha aba make cyane. Kubwibyo, ingano y'amazi ari mu mavuta akonjesha mu gihe cyo gukonjesha iba iri hejuru kurusha iyo mu gihe cyo gushyushya. Kubwibyo, kugira ngo umenye neza uko ubushyuhe bukwirakwira muri transformateur, ni ngombwa kumenya aho ibikoresho biherereye mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwabyo. Kugira ngo wumve ubushyuhe nyabwo bw'impapuro zikonjesha binyuze mu kugenzura ubushyuhe buri mu cyuma gikonjesha, transformateur igomba kuba iri mu bushyuhe buhamye.

Ubwinshi bw'amazi mu mavuta akingira ubushyuhe bugomba kuba bungana kuko ubushyuhe buri mu mavuta akingira ubushyuhe bufitanye isano rya bugufi n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe kandi hari ubushyuhe runaka mu gasanduku ka transformer (ubusanzwe hejuru y'agasanduku haba hashyushye kurusha hasi). Kugira ngo hakorwe ubuziranenge, isesengura rya sisitemu y'inzobere rigena ijanisha ry'ubwinshi bw'amazi hepfo. Ibi bishobora kuboneka hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe bwatanzwe na sensor n'aho ifatiwe ingero.

Isesengura rigaragaza ko ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa transformateur buri hejuru ya 10°C ugereranyije n'ubushyuhe bwo hasi. Niba ahantu hatari hejuru cyangwa hasi hakoreshejwe nk'aho hafatirwa icyitegererezo, ihinduka ry'ubushyuhe rigomba kugaragazwa. Binyuze mu kuzura k'ubushuhe n'ubushyuhe bwihariye bwapimwe, sisitemu y'inzobere izaba ifite ijanisha runaka ry'ubushyuhe bugereranyije n'ibisubizo byo kubara ubushuhe bw'impapuro zishyushya. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko iri barura rishingiye ku makuru yavuye mu gipimo kimwe kandi rishobora kutagaragaza ubushuhe nyabwo bw'impapuro zishyushya, cyane cyane nyuma y'uko transformateur igize impinduka zikomeye mu bushyuhe.

Iyo sisitemu y'inzobere ibonye ko transformateur iri mu buringanire (impapuro zikingira ubushyuhe ntizirekura cyangwa ngo zifate ubushuhe), ijanisha rya kabiri ry'ubucucike bw'amazi rirabarwa, ari ryo mpuzandengo y'ibipimo 30 bya nyuma by'ijanisha ry'ubucucike bw'amazi iyo transformateur iri mu buringanire. Ubushyuhe n'impinduka byavuzwe haruguru bigena ibipimo byo kumenya niba hari cyangwa hatariho ubu bunganire.

Dufite ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gupima ikizamini cya Transformer oil, nka: Interfacial Tension Tension Tester, Oil Particle Counter Tester, Pour point test nibindi. Niba hari ikibazo, twandikire ku buntu.